In contrast, the fate and mobility of NH x (dissolved NH 3 + NH 4 +) found in soils is dictated by soil type, moisture content, and local microbiota. As a result, the lifetime of NH x, the sum of gas phase NH 3 and particle phase NH 4 +, can range from several hours to several days before being removed from the atmosphere by dry or wet deposition. NH 3 is also the main neutralizing agent for atmospheric trace acidic gases, such as HCl, HNO 3, or H 2SO 4, so it can also be found in particulate form (NH 4 +), allowing it to travel long distances.
A large portion of NH 3 sources are directly linked to human activities, such as agriculture, transportation, and industry. By accounting for the total pool in each compartment, the lifetime of NH 3 with respect to the surface-atmosphere exchange in the soil is on the order of years compared to much faster naturally occurring processes, i.e., mineralization and nitrification.Ītmospheric ammonia (NH 3) plays an important role in the global nitrogen cycle. Inferred fluxes (F g) from each soil type predicted intervals of emission and deposition. Two different soil types were measured multiple times throughout the study, in which Γ g ranged from 5 to 2122. Measurements were performed at the Manitou Experimental Forest Observatory (MEFO) site in the Colorado Front Range by continuous online monitoring of gas and particle phase NH 3-NH 4 + with an ambient ion monitoring system coupled with ion chromatographs (AIM-IC), direct measurements of and pH in soil extracts to determine ground emission potential (Γ g), and measurements of bulk in pine needles to derive leaf emission potential (Γ st). Compensation point modeling was used to evaluate the direction and magnitude of surface-atmosphere exchange. The goal of this study was to characterize this exchange by measuring the atmosphere, soil, and vegetation. However, NH 3 exchange is dynamic and difficult to measure. Understanding the NH 3 exchange between forest ecosystems and the atmosphere is important due to its role in the nitrogen cycle.
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